| THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM: |
| 1st millennium CE |
| Eighth century (701–800 CE / 81–184 AH) |
| FROM |
TO |
|
DETAIL: |
| 701 |
|
REVOLT: |
Ibn al-Ash’ath‘s rebellion in Iraq |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim |
| 703 |
|
|
Ja’far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam of Shia Islam is born |
| 705 |
|
|
Death of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Al-Walid I as Umayyad Caliph |
| 711 |
718 |
CONQUEST: |
Umayyad conquest of Hispania |
| “ |
714 |
“ |
Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent |
| “ |
|
“ |
Conquest of Spain by Tariq ibn Ziyad |
| “ |
|
“ |
Conquest of Transoxiana by Qutayba ibn Muslim |
| 712 |
|
“ |
Conquest of Sindh by Muhammad ibn Qasim |
| 713 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Ali ibn Husayn, the fourth Imam of Islam was poisoned and martyred |
| “ |
|
|
Muhammad al-Baqir becomes Imam |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Multan |
| 715 |
|
|
Death of Walid I |
| “ |
|
|
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik becomes Umayyad Caliph |
| 717 |
718 |
SIEGE: |
Beginning of the Second Arab siege of Constantinople |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Sulayman |
| “ |
|
|
Umar II becomes Umayyad Caliph |
| “ |
|
PACT: |
Pact of Umar |
| 718 |
|
SIEGE: |
End of the Second Arab siege of Constantinople |
| 719 |
759 |
INVASION: |
Umayyad invasion of Gaul |
| 720 |
|
|
Death of Umar II |
| “ |
|
|
Yazid II becomes Umayyad Caliph |
| 721 |
|
INVASION: |
First Turgesh invasion into Transoxiana under Kursul |
| 724 |
|
|
Death of Yazid II |
| “ |
|
|
Hisham becomes Umayyad Caliph |
| “ |
|
|
Turgesh defeat Muslim ibn Sa’id al-Kilabi in the Day of Thirst |
| 725 |
|
OCCUPATION: |
The Muslims occupy Nîmes in France |
| 729 |
|
BATTLE: |
Khurasani army under Ashras ibn Abdallah al-Sulami scores a narrow victory over the Turgesh at the Battle of Baykand and recovers Bukhara |
| “ |
|
SIEGE: |
The retreating Turgesh undertake the Siege of Kamarja |
| 730 |
|
BATTLE: |
Khazars invade northwestern Iran and defeat the Umayyad forces at the Battle of Marj Ardabil, killing the Arab governor al-Djarrah al-Hakami and briefly occupying the town |
| 731 |
|
BATTLE: |
Khurasani Arab army suffers horrendous casualties at the Battle of the Defile against the Turgesh. 20,000 Iraqi troops are sent to Khurasan to replenish losses |
| 732 |
|
BATTLE: |
The Battle of Tours in France |
| 734 |
|
REVOLT: |
Rebellion of al-Harith ibn Surayj erupts in Khurasan |
| 735 |
|
|
Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri arrives in Khurasan and suppresses al-Harith’s rebellion |
| 737 |
|
|
The Muslims meet a reverse at Avignon in France |
| “ |
|
|
Marwan ibn Muhammad (later Caliph Marwan II) poured across the Caucasus and eventually defeated a Khazar army led by Hazer Tarkhan, briefly occupying Atil itself |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
At the Battle of Kharistan, Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri drives back the Turgesh invasion of Khurasan |
| 738 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Rajasthan |
| 740 |
|
REVOLT: |
Shi’a Zaydi Revolt under Zayd ibn Ali. Berber revolt in North Africa |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of the Nobles |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Akroinon against the Byzantines |
| 741 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Bagdoura in North Africa |
| 742 |
|
|
The Muslim rule restored in Qairawan |
| 743 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Muhammad al-Baqir is poisoned |
| “ |
|
|
Jafar al-Sadiq becomes Imam |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Hisham |
| “ |
|
|
Al-Walid II becomes Umayyad Caliph |
| “ |
|
REVOLT: |
Shi’a revolt in Khurasan under Yahya ibn Zayd |
| 744 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Walid II deposed |
| “ |
|
|
Yazid III becomes Umayyad Caliph and dies the same year |
| “ |
|
REVOLT: |
Ibrahim becomes Umayyad Caliph and is overthrown the same year |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Ain al Jurr |
| “ |
|
|
Marwan II becomes Umayyad Caliph |
| 745 |
|
|
Musa al-Kazim, the seventh Imam of Shiite is born |
| “ |
|
|
Ismail bin Jafar is the 7th rightful Imam according to Ismaili Shia |
| “ |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Kufa occupied by the Kharijites |
| 746 |
750 |
REVOLT: |
Abbasid Revolution |
| “ |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Mosul occupied by the Kharijites |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Rupar Thutha, Kufa and Mosul occupied by Marwan II |
| 747 |
|
REVOLT |
Abu Muslim in Khurasan Revolts |
| 748 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Rayy |
| 749 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Isfahan |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Nihawand |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Capture of Kufa by the Abbasids |
| “ |
|
|
As-Saffah becomes the Abbasid Caliph at Kufa |
| 750 |
1258 |
|
Abbasid Caliphate |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Zab |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Fall of Damascus |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
End of the Umayyads |
| 751 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Wasit by the Abbasids |
| |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Murder of the Minister Abu Salama |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
In the Battle of Talas, the Abbasid armies defeat Tang Dynasty of China |
| 754 |
|
|
Death of al-Saffah |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al-Mansur as the Caliph |
| “ |
|
REVOLT: |
Rebellion of al-Mansur’s uncle Abdallah ibn Ali |
| 755 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Murder of Abu Muslim |
| “ |
|
REVOLT: |
Sunbadh revolt in Khurasan |
| 756 |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Abd-ar-rahman I founds the Umayyad state in Spain |
| 758 |
|
INVASION: |
Khazar army under Ras Tarkhan invaded parts of Azerbaijan and Arran |
| |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Khazar army under Ras Tarkhan temporarily occupies parts of Azerbaijan and Arran |
| 759 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Abbasid conquest of Tabaristan |
| 762 |
|
REVOLT: |
Revolt of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya |
| 763 |
|
|
Foundation of Baghdad |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Abbasids in Spain defeated |
| 765 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Jafar al-Sadiq, who is the sixth imam of Shiite is poisoned |
| “ |
|
THEOLOGICAL ACADEMIA: |
Jafar al-Sadiq, formulated theology and Shariah of shiite during his life, which called Mazhabe Jafari |
| “ |
|
|
Musa al-Kazim becomes Imam |
| “ |
|
|
Ali ar Rida the eighth imam was born |
| 766 |
|
|
Sayram in Central Asia taken from the Nestorians |
| “ |
|
|
Evangelical army of Arab Muslims and recent converts led by Abd al-Aziz |
| 767 |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Khariji state set up by Ibn Madrar at Sijilmasa |
| “ |
|
|
Ustad Sees revolt in Khurasan |
| 770 |
840 |
ACADEMIA: |
Khwarizmi, developed algebra |
| 772 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Janbi in North Africa |
| “ |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Rustamid state set up in Morocco |
| 775 |
|
|
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Al-Mahdi |
| 777 |
|
SIEGE: |
Siege of Saragossa in Spain |
| 782 |
|
EXPEDITION: |
Harun al-Rashid leads a huge expedition against the Byzantines and reaches Chalcedon |
| 785 |
|
|
Death of the Caliph Mahdi |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Al-Hadi |
| 786 |
|
REVOLT: |
Alid rebellion in Mecca is suppressed in the Battle of Fakhkh |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Fakhkh |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Hadi |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Harun al-Rashid |
| 788 |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Idrisid state set up in the Maghrib |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Abd ar-Rahman I of Spain |
| |
|
|
Accession of Hisham I |
| 792 |
|
INVASION: |
South France invaded |
| 796 |
|
|
Death of Hisham in Spain |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al al-Hakam I |
| 799 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Invasion by the Khazars defeated |
| 800 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Musa al-Kazim is poisoned in prison of Harun al-Rashid |
| “ |
|
|
Ali al-Rida becomes Imam. |
| “ |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Aghlabid rule is established in North Africa |
| “ |
|
|
By the end of this century, global Muslim population had grown to 2 percent of the total (centred on Iraq) |
