| THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM: |
| 1st millennium CE |
| Seventh century (601 – 700) [622-700 (1 – 81AH)] |
| FROM |
TO |
|
DETAIL |
| 605 |
|
|
Birth of Fatimah the daughter of Muhammad. She was the wife of Ali ibn Abu Talib and all of Muhammad’s descendants are through her. |
| “ |
|
|
Muhammad helps rebuild the Ka’ba |
| 610 |
|
ANGELIC REVELATION: |
He is given his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel in the cave. |
| “ |
|
SACRED TEXT: |
The first announced revelation of the Qur’an in the cave at Hira. 3 kilometres (2 mi) from Mecca |
| “ |
|
CONVERTS: |
Khadija is the first to believe Islam. |
| 613 |
|
PROCLAMATIONS: |
Declaration at Mount Safa inviting the general public to Islam. |
| 614 |
|
PERSECUTION: |
Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish |
| “ |
|
MIGRATION: |
Migration NO.1: to Abyssinia |
| 615 |
|
CONVERTS: |
Acceptance of Islam by Umar and Hamza |
| 616 |
|
MIGRATION: |
Migration NO.2: to Abyssinia |
| 617 |
|
BOYCOTT: |
Boycott of the Hashemites and Muhammad by the Quraish. |
| 619 |
|
|
Lifting of the boycott. |
| “ |
|
|
Deaths of Abu Talib. |
| “ |
|
|
Deaths of Khadija |
| “ |
|
|
Year of Sorrow |
| 620 |
|
|
Night Journey: Ascension to the heavens |
| 622 |
|
MIGRATION: |
Hijra—migration to Medina. |
| “ |
|
|
FIRST YEAR OF ISLAMIC CALENDAR. |
| “ |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Constitution of Medina, establishment of the first Islamic state |
| 624 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Badr, expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Medina |
| 625 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Uhud. |
| “ |
|
ANTI-SEMITISM: |
 Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Medina. |
| “ |
|
|
Birth of Hasan ibn Ali, son of Ali and Fatimah and 2nd Shia imams. |
| 626 |
|
|
Birth of Husayn ibn Ali, son of Ali and Fatimah and 3rd Shia imams. |
| “ |
|
SIEGE: |
Siege of Constantinople |
| 627 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of the Trench. Invasion of Banu Qurayza. |
| 628 |
|
TREATY: |
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Khaybar. |
| “ |
|
|
Muhammad sends letters to various heads of states. |
| 629 |
|
PILGRIMAGE: |
Muhammad to Mecca. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Mu’ta. |
| “ |
1050 |
WAR: |
Arab–Byzantine wars |
| 630 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Mecca |
| 631 |
|
EXPEDITION: |
Expedition to Tabouk, Ghassanids. |
| 631/32 |
|
CONVERTS: |
Tribe of Thaqif adopts Islam. |
| 632 |
|
PILGRIMAGE: |
Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca. |
| “ |
|
|
DEATH OF MUHAMMAD. (aged 62yrs) 570-632 AD |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Fatimah, Muhammad’s daughter. |
| “ |
|
|
Abu Bakr is chosen by consensus of the majority of the prophet’s companions as caliph. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battles of Zu Qissa. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battles of Zu Abraq. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Buzakha. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Zafar. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Naqra. |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns against Bani Tamim. |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns against Mosailima. |
| “ |
661 |
|
Rashidun Caliphate |
| 633 |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns in Bahrain |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGN: |
Campaigns in Oman |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGN: |
Campaigns in Yemen |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGN: |
Campaigns in Hadramaut |
| “ |
|
RAIDS: |
Raids in Iraq |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Kazima |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Mazar |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Walaja |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Ullais |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Hira |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Al-Anbar |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Ayn al-Tamr |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Dawmat al-Jandal |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Firaz |
| “ |
651 |
CONQUEST: |
Conquest Muslim conquest of Persia |
| 634 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Bosra |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Damascus |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Ajnadin |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Abu Bakr |
| “ |
|
|
Umar ibn al-Khattab assumes power as the second caliph |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Namaraq |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Saqatia |
| “ |
641 |
CONQUEST: |
Conquest Muslim conquest of the Levant (Syria) |
| 635 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Bridge |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Buwaib |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Damascus |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Fahl |
| 636 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Yarmuk |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of al-Qādisiyyah |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Madain |
| 637 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Syria |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
JERUSALEM: Conquest of Jerusalem |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Jalula |
| 638 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Jazirah |
| 639 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Khuzistan |
| “ |
|
ADVANCE: |
Advance into Egypt |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Plague of Emmaus |
| “ |
642 |
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Egypt |
| 640 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Babylon in Egypt. |
| 641 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Nihawand |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Alexandria in Egypt. |
| 642 |
799 |
WAR: |
Khazar-Arab Wars weaken the Umayyad army and contribute to the eventual fall of the dynasty |
| “ |
870 |
CONQUEST: |
Islamic conquest of Afghanistan |
| 643 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Azarbaijan |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Tabaristan (Mazandaran). |
| 644 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Fars |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Kerman |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Sistan |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Mekran |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Kharan |
| “ |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Assassination of Umar |
| “ |
|
|
Uthman ibn Affan becomes the caliph |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns in Khurasan |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns in Armenia |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns in Asia Minor |
| 647 |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns in North Africa. |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Campaigns of the island of Cyprus. |
| 648 |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns against the Byzantines. |
| 650 |
|
CONFLICTS: |
First conflicts between Arabs and Turks. . |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Khazars defeated an Arab force led by Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah outside the Khazar town of Balanjar |
| 652 |
|
|
Disaffection against the rule of Uthman |
| 655 |
|
BATTLE: |
Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines. |
| 656 |
661 |
WAR: |
ISLAMIC CIVIL WAR: First Fitna (First Islamic Civil War) |
| “ |
|
|
Uthman is killed. |
| “ |
|
|
Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the fourth caliph. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of the Camel. |
| 657 |
|
CAPITAL CITY: |
Ali shifts the capital from Medina to Kufa. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Siffin. |
| 658 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Nahrawan. |
| 659 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Egypt by Muawiyah I. |
| 660 |
|
RECAPTURED: |
Ali recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Muawiyah. |
| “ |
|
|
Muawiyah I declares himself as the caliph at Damascus |
| 661 |
750 |
|
Umayyad Caliphate |
| “ |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Ali ibn Abi Talib, fourth Caliph, is assassinated by Kharijites |
| 662 |
|
REVOLT: |
Kharijites‘ revolts |
| 666 |
|
RAIDS: |
Raids by Muawia bin Hudeij to Sicily |
| “ |
|
|
Abdu’l-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr, dies |
| “ |
|
|
Muhammad ibn Maslamah dies |
| “ |
|
|
Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan dies |
| 670 |
742 |
CONQUEST: |
Muslim conquest of North Africa |
| 669 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Hasan ibn Ali, the second imam of the Shiites is poisoned and killed |
| “ |
|
|
Husayn ibn Ali becomes Imam of Ali ibn Abi Talib‘s followers |
| 670 |
|
ADVANCE: |
Advancement into North Africa. |
| |
|
|
Uqba bin Nafe founds the town of Kairouan in Tunisia. |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of Kabul. |
| 672 |
|
CAPTURE: |
Capture of the island of Rhodes. |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns in Khurasan. |
| 674 |
|
|
The Muslims cross the Oxus. |
| “ |
|
|
Bukhara becomes a vassal state. |
| 676 |
|
|
Muhammad al-Baqir, the fifth imam of the Shiites is born. |
| 677 |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Occupation of Samarkand. |
| “ |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Occupation of Tirmiz. |
| “ |
|
SIEGE: |
Siege of Constantinople. |
| 680 |
692 |
WAR: |
Second Fitna (Second Islamic Civil War) |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Muawiyah. |
| “ |
|
|
Yazid I becomes caliph. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Karbala |
| “ |
|
|
Husayn bin Ali is killed along with his companions. |
| “ |
|
|
Ali ibn Husayn becomes Imam of Ali ibn Abi Talib‘s followers. |
| 682 |
|
|
North Africa Uqba bin Nafe marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. |
| “ |
|
RETREAT: |
The Muslims evacuate Kairouan and withdraw to Burqa. |
| 683 |
|
|
Death of Yazid. Muawiya II becomes caliph. |
| 684 |
|
|
Abd Allah ibn Zubayr declares himself as the caliph at Mecca. |
| “ |
|
|
Marwan I becomes the caliph at Damascus. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Marj Rahat. |
| 685 |
|
|
Death of Marwan I. . |
| “ |
|
|
Abd al-Malik becomes the caliph at Damascus |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Ain ul Wada |
| 686 |
|
|
Al-Mukhtar declares himself as the caliph at Kufa. |
| 687 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and Abd Allah ibn Zubayr. Mukhtar killed. |
| 691 |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Dayr al-Jaliq. |
| “ |
|
VICTORY: |
Kufa falls to Abdul Malik. |
| 692 |
|
VICTORY: |
The fall of Mecca. |
| “ |
|
|
Death of ibn Zubayr. |
| “ |
|
|
Abdul Malik becomes the sole caliph. |
| 695 |
|
REVOLT: |
Kharijites‘ revolts in Jazira and Ahwaz. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of the Karun. |
| “ |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns against Kahina in North Africa. |
| “ |
|
RETREAT: |
The Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. |
| “ |
|
ADVANCE: |
The Muslims advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish. |
| 700 |
|
CAMPAIGNS: |
Campaigns against the Berbers in North Africa. |
| |
|
|
By the end of this century, global Muslim population had grown to 1 per cent of the total. |
