| THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM: |
| 2ND MILLENNIUM CE |
| 18TH CENTURY (1701–1800) (1112 AH – 1215 AH) |
| FROM |
TO |
|
DETAIL: |
| 1703 |
|
|
In Ottoman Empire Ahmed III becomes the Sultan |
| “ |
|
|
Birth of Shah Wali Ullah |
| “ |
|
|
Birth of the religious reformer Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab |
| 1707 |
|
|
Death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of his son Bahadur Shah |
| 1711 |
|
WAR: |
War between Ottoman Empire and Russia (Russo-Turkish War (1710–11) |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Russia defeated at the Battle of Pruth |
| “ |
|
TREATY: |
Treaty of the Pruth signed |
| 1712 |
|
|
Death of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Jahandar Shah |
| 1713 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Jahandar Shah overthrown by his nephew Farrukhsiyar |
| 1715 |
|
RECAPTURED: |
In Ottoman Empire the peninsula of Morea and other Adriatic fortresses that had been ceded to Venetian Republic are reconquered |
| 1716 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Defeat of Ottoman Empire armies by the Austrians under Prince Eugene of Savoy |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Peterwardein and loss of strategic fortress of Temesvar |
| 1718 |
|
DEFEAT: |
In the war against Austria, Ottoman Empire suffers continuing defeat and loss of fortress of Belgrade |
| “ |
|
TREATY: |
Treaty of Passarowitz, Ottomans lost Hungary |
| 1719 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Deposition of the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar |
| “ |
|
|
Muhammad Shah ascends the throne |
| “ |
|
|
In Sind, the Kalhoras came to power under Nur Muhammad Kalhora |
| “ |
|
|
In Ottoman Empire start of a long-period of peace, enlightenment and prosperity that was later named the Tulip period |
| 1722 |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Saadat Khan found the independent state of Oudh |
| “ |
|
|
Battle of Gulnabad between the Afghans and the Persians |
| “ |
|
|
The Persians were defeated and the Afghans under Shah Mahmud became the masters of a greater part of Persia |
| “ |
|
|
Shah Hussain taken captive |
| “ |
|
|
accession of Shah Tahmasp II |
| 1730 |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Zanzibar freed from Portuguese rule and occupied by Oreart |
| “ |
|
DEPOSITION: |
In Ottoman Empire Sultan Ahmed III is deposed by Patrona Insurrection |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
End of the Tulip period |
| “ |
|
MONARCHY: |
Mahmud I ascends the throne |
| 1735 |
|
WAR: |
Start of war between Ottoman Empire and Russia (Russo-Turkish War (1735–39) |
| 1737 |
|
|
Entry of Austria into (Russo-Turkish War (1735–39)) against Ottoman Empire. |
| 1739 |
|
SACKING: |
Persian ruler Nadir Shah sacks the Mughal capital of Delhi in India |
| “ |
|
TREATY: |
In Ottoman Empire Austria signs the separate Belgrade Treaty |
| “ |
|
TREATY: |
Russia signs the Treaty of Nissa |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
End to Russo-Turkish War (1735–39) |
| 1747 |
|
SOVEREIGNTY: |
Ahmed Shah Abdali established Afghan rule in Afghanistan |
| 1744 |
|
ALLIANCE: |
Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the al-Saud dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, founder of the Wahhabi movement in Nejd |
| 1752 |
|
ACADEMIA: |
Death of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, writer of Sassi Pannu, Sohni Mahinwal and Umer Marvo |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Ahmed Shah Durrani captured Punjab, Kashmir and Sind |
| 1754 |
|
|
In Ottoman Empire death of Mahmud I |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Osman III |
| 1755 |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Division of the Mataram Sultanate, Indonesia, the last major independent Muslim state in Java before Dutch colonisation |
| 1757 |
|
|
In Ottoman Empire death of Osman III |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Mustafa III |
| 1761 |
|
|
Death of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi |
| “ |
|
|
Ahmed Shah Abdali comes to India at the invitation of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of Panipat |
| “ |
|
VICTORY: |
Ahmed Shah Abdali smashes rising Maratha Empire power in the Third Battle of Panipat |
| 1764 |
|
CONVERTS: |
Conversion to Islam of Areadi Gaya, ruler of Futa Bandu State in West Sudan |
| 1768 |
|
WAR: |
Start of the war between Ottoman Empire-Russia (Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Defeats of Ottoman land armies at various battles |
| 1770 |
|
BATTLE: |
Burning of the Ottoman fleet at Naval Battle of Chesma by a Russian fleet that has come from Baltic Sea |
| 1771 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Conquest of the Crimean Peninsula by Russian forces and the end of Ottoman dominance over Khanate of Crimea |
| 1773 |
|
|
Death of Ahmed Shah Abdali |
| 1774 |
|
|
In Ottoman Empire death of Mustafa III |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Abdul Hamid I |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Defeat of the Ottoman armies by Russians |
| “ |
|
TREATY: |
Signing of the Treaty of Kuçuk Kainarji to end the Ottoman-Russian war (Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) |
| “ |
|
|
Khanate of Crimea nominally gained independence but in fact became a dependency of Russia. |
| 1779 |
|
ACCORD: |
Signing of Aynalikavak Accord between Ottoman Empire and Russia |
| 1783 |
|
CESSATION: |
End of Kalhora rule in Sind |
| “ |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Russia occupies and annexes the Crimean Peninsula |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
Ends the rule of Khanate of Crimea |
| 1787 |
|
WAR: |
In Ottoman Empire start of war against Austria and Russia (Russo-Turkish War (1787–92) |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Sultan Abdulhamid I |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Selim III |
| 1791 |
|
TREATY: |
Signing of the Treaty of Sistova |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
End of the war between Austria and Ottoman Empire |
| 1792 |
|
WAR: |
War between Ottoman Empire and Russia (Russo-Turkish War (1787–92) |
| “ |
|
TREATY: |
Ends with signing of the Treaty of Jassy |
| 1793 |
|
GOVERNMENT: |
Selim III issues a set of New Regulations for the Ottoman Empre, providing for establishment of a military corps based on European models, reforming economic regulations by curbing the abuses of foreign berats, and revising the tax system |
| 1797 |
|
|
Death of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, the Shah of Persia |
| “ |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Russia occupied Dagestan |
| 1798 |
|
CAMPAIGN: |
Landing of the armies of French Republic under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte in Ottoman Province of Egypt |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Battle of the Pyramids |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Defeat of the Ottoman provincial army of Mamluks at Battle of the Pyramids |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Defeat and burning of French Fleet at naval Battle of Aboukir by the British fleet under Admiral Lord Nelson |
| “ |
|
ALLIANCE: |
Alliance of Ottoman Empire – Great Britain – Russia against France |
| 1799 |
|
SIEGE: |
Siege of Acre |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Defeat of the French expeditionary force from Egypt under Napoleon Bonaparte at Siege of Acre by the Ottoman defenders |
| “ |
|
RETREAT: |
Retreat of the French back to Egypt |
| “ |
|
|
Ranjit Singh declared himself Maharajah of Punjab defeating Afghans |
| “ |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Khoqand declared independent Islamic State |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Kingdom of Mysore in India |
| “ |
|
|
By the end of this century, global Muslim population was estimated at 115 million |
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