| THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM: |
| 2nd millennium CE |
| 16th century (1501–1600) (906 AH – 1009 AH) |
| FROM |
TO |
|
DETAIL: |
| 1501 |
|
DYNASTIES: |
Persia: Ismail I establishes the Safavid dynasty |
| “ |
|
STATE RELIGION: |
The Twelve-Imam Shi’ism becomes the state religion. |
| 1502 |
|
|
Golden Horde: The Golden Horde collapses into a number of smaller khanates. |
| 1507 |
|
|
Persia: The Kingdom of Portugal under Alfonso d’Albuquerque establishes trading outposts in the Persian Gulf.. |
| 1508 |
|
|
Ak Koyunlu: Ak Koyunlu is absorbed by the Safavids. |
| 1511 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Malaysia: D’Albuquerque conquers Malacca. |
| 1514 |
|
BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Sultan Selim I at the Battle of Chaldiran. |
| 1516 |
|
BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Selim I defeats the Mamluks |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Battle of Merc-i Dabik and kills Sultan Kansu Gavri |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Ottoman Empire: Syria is conquered. |
| 1517 |
1924 |
|
Ottoman Caliphate |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman army crosses the Sinai desert, defeats the new Mamluk Sultan Tomanbai at the |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Battle of Ridaniye Mamluk Sultan Tomanbai defeated |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Battle of Cairo Mamluk Sultan Tomanbai defeated |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman army conquers Egypt. |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: The Sharif of Mecca presented keys to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina to Selim I and is declared their hereditary ruler. |
| “ |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Ottoman Empire: Al-Mutawakkil, the last Abbasid caliph, formally surrenders the title of caliph to Selim I. |
| 1527 |
|
|
South East Asia (Indonesia): Fall of Majapahit empire, the last Hindu stronghold in South-East Asia. |
| “ |
|
REPUBLIC: |
South East Asia (Indonesia): Demak established as first Islamic sultanate of Java. |
| 1520 |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Selim I dies and the reign of Suleiman I, the Magnificent begins. |
| 1521 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conquers Belgrade. |
| 1522 |
|
VICTORY: |
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I defeats the Knights Hospitaller and drives them from the island of Rhodes. |
| 1526 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I defeats the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Battle of Mohács |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Louis II of Hungary dies at the battle of Mohács. |
| “ |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Ottoman Empire: Buda and Pest are taken by the Ottomans and Hungary is declared a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire |
| “ |
|
VICTORY: |
Mughal Empire: Babur is victorious at the Battle of Panipat in India, and Delhi becomes his capital. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Mughal Empire: Battle of Panipat |
| “ |
|
CAPITAL CITY: |
Mughal Empire: India, and Delhi becomes Babur capital. |
| 1529 |
|
SIEGE: |
Ottoman Empire: Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna. |
| 1533 |
|
|
Algeria: Barbarossa Khayreddin is appointed the Admiral of the Ottoman fleet and governor of Algeria. |
| 1534 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conducts a military campaign against Safavid Shah Tahsmab and conquers Van, Baghdad, and Tabriz. |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conquers Van |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conquers Baghdad |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conquers Tabriz. |
| 1538 |
|
VICTORY: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman navy under the command of Barbarossa Khayreddin wins a naval victory against a combined Christian fleet at the Battle of Preveza. |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Battle of Preveza |
| 1550 |
|
ACADEMIA: |
Ottoman Empire: The architect Mimar Sinan builds the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul. |
| “ |
|
CONVERTS: |
Ottoman Empire: The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Aceh in Sumatra. |
| “ |
|
CONVERTS: |
Indonesia: Islam spreads to Java, the Maluku Islands, and Borneo. |
| 1552 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Khanate of Kazan: The Khanate is conquered by the Tsardom of Russia. |
| 1556 |
|
DYNASTIES: |
Mughals: Mughal dynasty reigns. Akbar founds the Mughal Dynasty in Northern India. |
| 1565 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottomans are defeated by the Knights Hospitaller during the Siege of Malta. |
| “ |
|
SIEGE: |
Ottoman Empire: Siege of Malta. |
| 1566 |
1827 |
|
Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: The Ottomans gain control of the Aegean islands. |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I dies and is succeeded by Selim II. |
| 1568 |
|
REVOLT: |
Spain: Moriscos revolt during the Alpujarra uprising. |
| 1571 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
Ottoman Empire: Ottomans naval dominance in the Mediterranean is brought to a close. |
| 1578 |
|
BATTLE: |
Morocco: The Battle of Alcazarquivir at Alcazarquivir in Morocco. |
| “ |
|
|
Morocco: King Sebastian of Portugal is killed. |
| 1588 |
|
DYNASTIES: |
Safavid Dynasty: The reign of Abbas I of Safavid begins. |
| 1591 |
|
|
Religious: Mustaali Ismailis split into Sulaymanis and Daudis. |
|
|
|
|
