THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM: |
2nd millennium CE |
16th century (1501–1600) (906 AH – 1009 AH) |
FROM |
TO |
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DETAIL: |
1501 |
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DYNASTIES: |
Persia: Ismail I establishes the Safavid dynasty |
“ |
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STATE RELIGION: |
The Twelve-Imam Shi’ism becomes the state religion. |
1502 |
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Golden Horde: The Golden Horde collapses into a number of smaller khanates. |
1507 |
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Persia: The Kingdom of Portugal under Alfonso d’Albuquerque establishes trading outposts in the Persian Gulf.. |
1508 |
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Ak Koyunlu: Ak Koyunlu is absorbed by the Safavids. |
1511 |
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CONQUEST: |
Malaysia: D’Albuquerque conquers Malacca. |
1514 |
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BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Sultan Selim I at the Battle of Chaldiran. |
1516 |
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BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Selim I defeats the Mamluks |
“ |
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Ottoman Empire: Battle of Merc-i Dabik and kills Sultan Kansu Gavri |
“ |
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CONQUEST: |
Ottoman Empire: Syria is conquered. |
1517 |
1924 |
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Ottoman Caliphate |
“ |
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DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman army crosses the Sinai desert, defeats the new Mamluk Sultan Tomanbai at the |
“ |
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BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Battle of Ridaniye Mamluk Sultan Tomanbai defeated |
“ |
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BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Battle of Cairo Mamluk Sultan Tomanbai defeated |
“ |
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CONQUEST: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman army conquers Egypt. |
“ |
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Ottoman Empire: The Sharif of Mecca presented keys to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina to Selim I and is declared their hereditary ruler. |
“ |
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DEPOSITION: |
Ottoman Empire: Al-Mutawakkil, the last Abbasid caliph, formally surrenders the title of caliph to Selim I. |
1527 |
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South East Asia (Indonesia): Fall of Majapahit empire, the last Hindu stronghold in South-East Asia. |
“ |
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REPUBLIC: |
South East Asia (Indonesia): Demak established as first Islamic sultanate of Java. |
1520 |
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Ottoman Empire: Selim I dies and the reign of Suleiman I, the Magnificent begins. |
1521 |
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CONQUEST: |
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conquers Belgrade. |
1522 |
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VICTORY: |
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I defeats the Knights Hospitaller and drives them from the island of Rhodes. |
1526 |
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DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I defeats the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács |
“ |
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BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Battle of Mohács |
“ |
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Ottoman Empire: Louis II of Hungary dies at the battle of Mohács. |
“ |
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REPUBLIC: |
Ottoman Empire: Buda and Pest are taken by the Ottomans and Hungary is declared a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire |
“ |
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VICTORY: |
Mughal Empire: Babur is victorious at the Battle of Panipat in India, and Delhi becomes his capital. |
“ |
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BATTLE: |
Mughal Empire: Battle of Panipat |
“ |
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CAPITAL CITY: |
Mughal Empire: India, and Delhi becomes Babur capital. |
1529 |
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SIEGE: |
Ottoman Empire: Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna. |
1533 |
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Algeria: Barbarossa Khayreddin is appointed the Admiral of the Ottoman fleet and governor of Algeria. |
1534 |
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CONQUEST: |
Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conducts a military campaign against Safavid Shah Tahsmab and conquers Van, Baghdad, and Tabriz. |
“ |
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Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conquers Van |
“ |
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Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conquers Baghdad |
“ |
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Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I conquers Tabriz. |
1538 |
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VICTORY: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman navy under the command of Barbarossa Khayreddin wins a naval victory against a combined Christian fleet at the Battle of Preveza. |
“ |
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BATTLE: |
Ottoman Empire: Battle of Preveza |
1550 |
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ACADEMIA: |
Ottoman Empire: The architect Mimar Sinan builds the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul. |
“ |
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CONVERTS: |
Ottoman Empire: The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Aceh in Sumatra. |
“ |
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CONVERTS: |
Indonesia: Islam spreads to Java, the Maluku Islands, and Borneo. |
1552 |
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CONQUEST: |
Khanate of Kazan: The Khanate is conquered by the Tsardom of Russia. |
1556 |
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DYNASTIES: |
Mughals: Mughal dynasty reigns. Akbar founds the Mughal Dynasty in Northern India. |
1565 |
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DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottomans are defeated by the Knights Hospitaller during the Siege of Malta. |
“ |
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SIEGE: |
Ottoman Empire: Siege of Malta. |
1566 |
1827 |
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Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire |
“ |
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Ottoman Empire: The Ottomans gain control of the Aegean islands. |
“ |
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Ottoman Empire: Suleiman I dies and is succeeded by Selim II. |
1568 |
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REVOLT: |
Spain: Moriscos revolt during the Alpujarra uprising. |
1571 |
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DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their |
“ |
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CESSATION: |
Ottoman Empire: Ottomans naval dominance in the Mediterranean is brought to a close. |
1578 |
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BATTLE: |
Morocco: The Battle of Alcazarquivir at Alcazarquivir in Morocco. |
“ |
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Morocco: King Sebastian of Portugal is killed. |
1588 |
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DYNASTIES: |
Safavid Dynasty: The reign of Abbas I of Safavid begins. |
1591 |
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Religious: Mustaali Ismailis split into Sulaymanis and Daudis. |
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