| THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM: |
| 2nd millennium CE |
| 15th century 1400 AD to 1499 AD (803 AH – 905 AH) |
| FROM |
TO |
|
DETAIL: |
| 1400 |
|
|
Golden Horde: ca. 1400 Temur Qutlugh dies and is succeeded by Shadi Beg. |
| 1400 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Mamluk Empire: The Burji Mamluks lose Syria to Tamerlane. |
| 1402 |
1403 |
DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: Beyazid I is defeated at the Battle of Ankara and taken captive by Tamerlane. An interregnum period begins when the sons of Beyazid I compete for the Ottoman throne. |
| 1405 |
|
|
Timurid Empire: Tamerlane dies and is succeeded by his son, Shah Rukh. |
| 1407 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Golden Horde: Shadi Beg is deposed and Edigu installs Pulad Khan as his successor. |
| 1410 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Golden Horde: Pulad Khan is deposed in favor of Timur. |
| 1412 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Golden Horde: Timur is deposed in favor of Jalal ad-Din khan, the first of Tokhtamysh’s sons to take power since his death. |
| 1413 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Golden Horde: Jalal ad-Din khan is deposed in favor of his brother, Karim Berdi. |
| 1414 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Golden Horde: Karim Berdi is deposed in favor of Kebek. |
| 1416 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Golden Horde: Kebek Khan is deposed in favor of Yeremferden, the brother of Karim Berdi and Jalal ad-Din khan. |
| 1419 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Golden Horde: Yeremferden is assassinated; control of the Horde is split between Dawlat Berdi and Olugh Mokhammad. |
| 1413 |
|
CESSATION: |
Mamluk Empire: Interregnum period ends |
| “ |
|
|
Mamluk Empire: Mehmed I becomes Sultan. |
| 1419 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Nogai Horde: Edigu is assassinated by Olugh Mokhammad, who assumes his place as Khan, re-uniting it with the Golden Horde. |
| 1420 |
|
CAPTURE: |
Golden Horde: Dawlat Berdi captures Sarai and expands his sphere of influence beyond the Crimean Peninsula. |
| 1423 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Golden Horde: Baraq defeats Dawlat Berdi |
| “ |
|
|
Golden Horde: Olugh Mokhammad and takes control of the Horde. |
| “ |
|
FUGITIVE: |
Golden Horde: Olugh Mokhammad flees to Lithuania. |
| 1427 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Golden Horde: With the assistance of Vytautas the Great, Olugh Mokhammad and Dawlat Berdi defeat and kill Baraq. |
| 1420 |
|
|
Kara Koyunlu: Qara Yusuf dies and is succeeded by his son, Qara Iskandar. |
| |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Morocco: Abu Said Othman is assassinated and succeeded by Abdul Haq, his infant son. |
| 1424 |
|
|
Tunisia: The Hafsids come to power. |
| 1425 |
|
|
Uzbeks: Abul Khayr takes control of the Little jüz. |
| 1430 |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Uzbeks: Abul Khayr occupies Khwarezmia. |
| 1432 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Golden Horde: Dawlat Berdi is assassinated |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Golden Horde: Hacı I Giray conquers the Crimea, founding the Crimean Khanate. |
| 1434 |
|
|
Ak Koyunlu: Qara Osman dies and is succeeded by Ali Beg. |
| “ |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Kara Koyunlu: Qara Iskandar is deposed in favor of his brother, Jahan Shah. |
| “ |
|
|
Tunisia: Abdul Faris dies after forty years of rule and is succeeded by Abu Abdullah Muhammad. |
| 1435 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Tunisia: Abu Abdullah Muhammad is deposed in favor of Abu Umar Othman. |
| 1437 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Golden Horde: Olugh Mokhammad is defeated by Sayid Ahmad I, who takes control of the Horde. |
| 1438 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Ak Koyunlu: Ali Beg is overthrown by his brother, Hamza. |
| “ |
|
|
Khanate of Kazan: Olugh Mokhammad founds the Khanate of Kazan. |
| “ |
|
COUP: |
Mamluk Empire: Barsbay dies and his son, Jamaluddin Yusuf, is prevented from taking power in a coup orchestrated by Saifuddin Gakmuk. |
| 1440 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Ak Koyunlu: Hamza is overthrown by Jahangir, a son of Ali Beg. |
| 1444 |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: The Anti-Ottoman League of Lezhe in Albania is formed by Scanderbeg. |
| “ |
|
ABDICATION: |
Murad II voluntarily abdicates from his throne in favor of his son Mehmed II after the former’s defeat at the hands of crusaders at the Battle of Varma. |
| 1446 |
|
SOVEREIGNTY: |
Ottoman Empire: Murad II reclaims the throne. |
| “ |
|
|
Timurid Empire: Shah Rukh dies and is succeeded by Ulugh Beg. |
| 1448 |
|
VICTORY: |
Ottoman Empire: The Ottomans are victorious at the Second Battle of Kossova. |
| “ |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Ottoman Empire: Serbia is annexed and Bosnia is made a vassal. |
| 1449 |
|
|
Timurid Empire: Ulugh Beg dies and is succeeded by ‘Abd al-Latif. |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Uzbeks: Abul Khayr captures Farghana. |
| 1450 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Timurid Empire: ‘Abd al-Latif is assassinated and succeeded by Abu Sa’id. |
| 1451 |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Murad II dies and is succeeded by his son, Mehmed II. |
| 1453 |
1566 |
|
Ottoman Empire: Growth of the Ottoman Empire |
| “ |
|
|
Ak Koyunlu: Jahangir dies and is succeeded by his son, Uzun Hassan. |
| “ |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Mamluk Empire: Gakmuk dies and is succeeded by his son, Fakhruddin Othman, who is then overthrown by Saifuddin Inal. |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Ottoman Empire: Constantinople is captured. |
| 1456 |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Ottoman Empire: Wallachia is made a vassal. |
| 1459 |
|
|
Golden Horde: Küchük Muhammad dies and is succeeded by his son, Maxmud. |
| 1461 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Mamluk Empire: Saifuddin Inal died and is succeeded by his son, Shahabuddin Ahmad, who is then overthrown by Saifuddin Khushqadam. |
| 1462 |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Albania is annexed. |
| 1465 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Ottoman Empire: Maxmud founds the Astrakhan Khanate after he is deposed by his brother, Akhmat Khan. |
| “ |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Morocco: Abdul Haq is assassinated, ending the Marinid dynasty. Sharif Muhammad al Jati assumes power. |
| “ |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Mamluk Empire: Khushqadam dies and is succeeded by his son, Saifuddin Yel Bey, who is then deposed by Temur Bugha. |
| 1467 |
|
|
Kara Koyunlu: Jahan Shah is killed in a surprise attack arranged by his rival, Uzun Hasan, leader of Ak Koyunlu. Ak Koyunlu then annexes Kara Koyunlu. |
| 1467 |
|
|
Ak Koyunlu: Kara Koyunlu is annexed. |
| 1468 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Mamluk Empire: Temur Bugha is deposed by Qaitbay. |
| “ |
|
|
Uzbeks: Abul Khayr dies and is succeeded by his son Haidar Sultan. |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Ak Koyunlu: The Timurids are defeated at the Battle of Qarabagh. Ak Koyunlu then becomes the masters of Persia and Khorasan. |
| 1469 |
|
|
Timurid Empire: Abu Sa’id dies; the Timurid state. In Husayn Bayqarah maintains control of Greater Khorasan. |
| 1472 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Morocco: Sharif Muhammad al Jati is overthrown by Muhammad al Shaikh, establishing the Wattasid dynasty. |
| 1473 |
|
DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: Mehmed II defeats sultan Uzun Hasan of Ak Koyunlu at the Battle of Otluk Beli. |
| 1475 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Ottoman Empire: The Khanate of Crimea is conquered and made a vassal state. |
| |
|
DEFEAT: |
Venice is defeated and the Ottoman Empire becomes master of the Aegean Sea. |
| 1478 |
|
|
Ak Koyunlu: Uzun Hasan dies and is succeeded by his son, Khalil ibn Uzun Hasan. |
| 1479 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Ak Koyunlu: Khalil Hasan is overthrown by his uncle, Y‘aqub ibn Uzun Hasan. |
| 1480 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Golden Horde: Akhmat Khan is assassinated and succeeded by his son, Said Ahmad II. |
| 1481 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Golden Horde: Said Ahmad II is overthrown by his brother Murtada. |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Mehmed II dies and is succeeded by Beyazid II. |
| “ |
|
|
Ottoman Empire: Cen Sultan rebels. |
| 1488 |
|
|
Uzbeks: Haider Sultan dies and is succeeded by his nephew, Shaybani Khan. |
| “ |
|
|
Tunisia: Abu Umar Othman dies and is succeeded by Abu Zikriya Yahya. |
| 1489 |
|
|
Tunisia: Abu Zikriya Yahya is overthrown by Abul Mumin. |
| 1490 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Tunisia: Abul Mumin is overthrown and Abu Zikriya Yahya retakes the throne. |
| 1492 |
|
CAPTURE: |
Iberia: Granada is captured by Spain, |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
End of 800 years of Muslim rule in Spain. |
| 1493 |
|
|
Ak Koyunlu: Y‘aqub ibn Uzun Hasan dies and is succeeded by his son, Baisonqur ibn Y‘aqub. |
| 1495 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Ak Koyunlu: Baisonqur is overthrown by his cousin, Rustam ibn Maqsud. |
| 1496 |
|
ABDICATION: |
Mamluk Empire: Qaitbay abdicates and is succeeded by his son, Nasir Muhammad. |
| 1497 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Ak Koyunlu: Maqsud is overthrown by his cousin, Ahmad Gövde ibn Muhammad. |
| 1498 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Mamluk Empire: Nasir Muhammad is deposed and replaced by Zahir Kanauh. |
| 1499 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Uzbeks: Shaybani Khan conquers Transoxiana. |
| “ |
|
|
Golden Horde: Murtada dies and is succeeded by Said Ahmad III. |
| “ |
|
DEFEAT: |
Ottoman Empire: the Ottoman fleet defeats the Venetians in the Battle of Zonchio. |
| |
|
|
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