| THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM: |
| 2nd millennium CE |
| 10th century (901–1000 CE / 288–391 AH) |
| FROM |
TO |
|
DETAIL: |
| 902 |
|
|
Death of the Abbasid Caliph |
| “ |
|
|
al-Mu’tadid; al-Muktafi becomes Caliph |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Saffarid ruler Amr bin Laith |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
Fall of Taormina signals the completion of the Muslim conquest of Sicily |
| 903 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Qarmatian ruler Abu-Sa’id Jannabi assassinated |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Abu Tahir |
| 905 |
|
|
Abdallah bin Hamdan founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazira |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt |
| 908 |
|
|
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al-Muqtadir |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
End of the Saffarid rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids |
| 909 |
1171 |
REPUBLIC: |
Fatimid Caliphate, originally based in Tunisia, spanned a vast area of the Arab lands, ultimately made Egypt its centre |
| “ |
|
OVERTHROW: |
Sa’id ibn Husayn, with the help of his chief missionary-commander Abdullah ibn Husayn Al-Shi’i overthrows the Aghlabids and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa at which time he changes his title to Imam Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah |
| “ |
|
EXPULSION: |
The Aghlabid Ziyadat Allah is thus expelled from the region, and with him the final remnants of Sunni Islam in North Africa |
| 912 |
|
|
Death of the Umayyad Abdallah ibn Muhammad in Spain |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Abd-ar-rahman III |
| 913 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Samanid ruler Ahmad assassinated |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Nasr II |
| 928 |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Mardavij ibn Ziyar founds the Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan |
| 929 |
1031 |
|
Caliphate of Córdoba, with the Iberian peninsula as an integral province, ruled from Damascus |
| “ |
|
SACKING: |
Qarmatians sack Mecca and carry away the Black Stone from the Kaaba |
| “ |
|
|
In Spain, Abd-ar-rahman III declares himself Caliph of Cordoba |
| 931 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Abu Mansur |
| 932 |
1055 |
|
Buyid dynasty in Iran |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al-Qahir |
| “ |
|
|
Saltuk Buğra Khan of Karahan Turks embraced Islam |
| 934 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Abbasid Caliph al-Qahir deposed |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of ar-Radi |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al Qaim |
| “ |
|
|
Imad al-Dawla establishes Buwayhid power in Fars |
| 935 |
|
CONQUEST: |
Rukn al-Dawla conquers Ray and establishes the Buwayhid government there |
| “ |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Ziyarid ruler Mardavij assassinated |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Vushmgir |
| “ |
|
|
Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdallah ibn Hamdan |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Nasir al-Dawla |
| 936 |
|
COUP: |
By coup, Ibn Raiq becomes the Amir al-Umara under Abbasid Caliph ar-Radi |
| 938 |
|
COUP: |
By another coup, power at Baghdad is captured by Bajkam |
| 940 |
|
|
Death of the Abbasid Caliph ar-Radi |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al-Muttaqi |
| 941 |
|
|
Death of Bajkam |
|
|
CAPTURE: |
al-Muttaqi capture of power by Kurtakin |
| 942 |
979 |
|
Sallarid dynasty in Iran, Azerbaijan and Armenia |
| “ |
|
RECAPTURE: |
Ibn Raiq recaptures power in Baghdad |
| 943 |
|
CAPTURE: |
Al-Baridi captures power |
| “ |
|
|
The Abbasid Caliph al-Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Nasir al-Dawla captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to Baghdad |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Power is captured by Tuzun and Nasir al-Dawla retires to Mosul |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr II |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Nuh I |
| 944 |
|
DISPOSITION: |
al-Muttaqi is blinded and deposed |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al-Mustakfi |
| 945 |
|
|
Death of Tuzun |
| “ |
|
|
Shirzad becomes Amir ul-Uamra |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Mu’izz al-Dawla captures power and establishes the Buwayhid dynasty in Iraq |
| “ |
|
DEPOSITION: |
of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustakfi |
| 946 |
|
|
Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al-Qaim |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Mansur |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Ikhshid ruler Muhammad bin Tughj |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Abul Qasim Ungur |
| “ |
|
|
Sayf al-Dawla establishes himself at Aleppo |
| 949 |
|
|
Death of the Buwayhid shah of Fars |
| “ |
|
|
‘Imad al-Dawla |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of ‘Adud al-Dawla |
| 951 |
|
|
The Qarmatians restore the Black Stone to the Kaaba |
| 954 |
|
|
Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh I |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of ‘Abd al-Malik I |
| 961 |
|
|
Death of the Samanid ruler ‘Abd al-Malik I |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Mansur I |
| “ |
|
|
Turkish mameluk Alptigin founds the rule of the Ghazanavids |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III in Spain |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al-Hakam II |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Ikhshid ruler Ungur |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Abul Hasan Ali |
| 965 |
1091 |
|
Emirate of Sicily |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Mansur |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Hasan Azam |
| “ |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
of the Ikhshid ruler Abul Hasan Ali |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Power captured by Malik Kafur |
| “ |
|
BATTLE: |
Fall of Tarsus to the Byzantines |
| 967 |
|
|
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Mu’izz al-Dawla |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of ‘Izz al-Dawla |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sayf al-Dawla |
| 968 |
|
|
Death of the Ikhshid ruler Malik Kafur |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Abul Fawaris |
| 969 |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Byzantines occupy Antioch and force Aleppo to become a protectorate |
| “ |
|
CONQUEST: |
The Fatimids conquer Egypt |
| 970 |
|
ACIDEMIA: |
Foundation of Al-Azhar University, oldest Islamic institution for higher studies |
| 972 |
|
|
Buluggin ibn Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids in Algeria |
| 973 |
|
|
Shi’a Sunni disturbances in Baghdad |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Sabuktigin |
| 974 |
|
|
Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Muti |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of at-Ta’i |
| 975 |
|
|
Death of the Fatimid Caliph al-Muizz |
| 976 |
|
RECAPTURE: |
The Buwayhid Sultan ‘Izz al-Dawla recaptures power with the help of his cousin ‘Adud al-Dawla |
| “ |
|
|
Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur I |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Nuh II |
| “ |
|
|
In Spain death of the Umayyad Caliph al-Hakam II |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Hisham II |
| 977 |
|
|
Sabuktigin becomes the amir of Ghaznavids |
| 978 |
|
|
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan ‘Izz al-Dawla |
| “ |
|
CAPTURE: |
Power captured by ‘Adud al-Dawla who ruled former in Fars |
| “ |
|
OVERTHROW: |
The Hamdanids of Aleppo overthrown by the Buwayhids |
| 981 |
|
CESSATION: |
End of the Qarmatian rule at Bahrain |
| 982 |
|
|
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Adud al-Dawla |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Samsam al-Dawla |
| 984 |
|
|
Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al-Mansur ibn Buluggin |
| 986 |
|
OVERTHROW: |
The Buwayhid Sultan Samsam al-Dawla overthrown by Sharaf al-Dawla |
| 989 |
|
|
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Sharaf al-Dawla |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Baha al-Dawla |
| 991 |
|
DEPOSITION: |
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph at-Ta’i |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of al-Qadir |
| 996 |
|
|
Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Badis ibn Mansur |
| 997 |
|
|
Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh II |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of Mansur II |
| 998 |
|
|
Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur II |
| “ |
|
|
Accession of ‘Abd al-Malik II |
| “ |
|
|
Mahmud of Ghaznavid becomes the Amir of Ghazni |
| 999 |
|
|
Bughra Khan of Karahan Turks capture Bukhara |
| “ |
|
CESSATION: |
End of the Samanids |
| “ |
|
|
By the end of this century, global Muslim population was estimated at 10 million |
| |
|
|
|
