| Contemporary Middle East |
| 2nd millennium CE |
| FROM |
TO |
|
DETAIL |
| 1798 |
|
CAMPAIGN: |
Napoleon Bonaparte leads a campaign in Egypt and Syria |
| 1828 |
1908 |
|
Decline of the Ottoman Empire |
| 1869 |
|
|
Construction of the Suez Canal is completed |
| 1882 |
|
OCCUPATION: |
British troops occupy Cairo – Egypt becomes British protectorate |
| 1908 |
1922 |
DEFEAT: |
Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire |
| 1917 |
|
DECLARATION: |
Lord Balfour, Foreign Minister of Great Britain, in letter to Lord Rothschild, gives British government approval to Zionist’s goal of building a “national home” in Palestine |
| 1918 |
|
OCCUPATION: |
Britain and France occupy former Ottoman Empire lands |
| 1919 |
1921 |
WAR: |
Franco-Syrian War |
| 1919 |
1923 |
|
Asia Minor Catastrophe reshapes Anatolia, as continuous fighting incorporates the newly founded Republic of Turkey, Armenia, France, Greece |
| 1922 |
|
INDEPENDENCE: |
Egypt is granted nominal independence from the United Kingdom. |
| 1922 |
1923 |
MANDATE: |
French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon |
| |
|
MANDATE: |
British Mandate of Palestine |
| |
|
MANDATE: |
Emirate of Transjordan is an autonomous region under the Mandate for Israel |
| 1924 |
|
|
Abolition of the Caliphate as part of Atatürk’s Reforms |
| 1925 |
|
REVOLT: |
Sheikh Said rebellion of Kurds against Turkey |
| 1927 |
1930 |
REVOLT: |
Ararat rebellion of Kurds |
| |
|
REPUBLIC: |
Republic of Ararat is declared |
| |
|
DEFEAT: |
Republic of Ararat dissolved upon defeat |
| 1932 |
|
UNIFICATION: |
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia declared in unification of Najd and Hejaz |
| 1933 |
1936 |
REVOLT: |
Tribal revolts in Iraq of Assyrians in Simele, Shia in the south and Kurds in the north |
| 1934 |
|
WAR: |
Saudi-Yemeni War |
| 1935 |
|
|
Persia becomes Iran |
| 1937 |
|
REVOLT: |
Dersim rebellion, is the largest uprising of the Kurds against Turkey, massive casualties |
| 1939 |
1945 |
|
Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre |
| 1946 |
|
|
Emirate of Transjordan becomes Kingdom of Jordan (named Transjordan until 1948) |
| 1946 |
|
REVOLT: |
Kurdish Republic of Mahabad |
| |
|
GOVERNMENT |
Azerbaijan People’s Government, |
| |
|
DEFEAT: |
Azerbaijan People’s Government, but defeated by Iranian military forces and dissolved |
| 1947 |
|
TWO STATE SOLUTION |
UN General Assembly proposes to divide Palestine into an Arab and Jewish state |
| 1948 |
|
INDEPENDENCE: |
Israel declares independence  |
| |
|
WAR: |
Arab-Israeli war erupts |
| 1862 |
1892 |
ACADEMIA: |
Development of the internal combustion engine rivals the steam engine, and ultimately makes petroleum an important political factor in the following century |
| 1952 |
|
REVOLT: |
After a revolution in Egypt the monarchy is overthrown |
| 1953 |
|
COUP: |
The coup d’état in Iran |
| 1954 |
|
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser becomes president of Egypt |
| 1954 |
|
TREATY: |
Central Treaty Organization |
| 1956 |
|
|
Suez Crisis |
| 1961 |
|
WAR: |
First Kurdish-Iraqi War erupts in north Iraq. |
| 1963 |
|
|
Ba’th Party comes to power in Iraq under the leadership of General Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr and Colonel Abdul Salam Arif |
| 1964 |
|
COUP: |
Abdul Rahman Arif stages military coup in Iraq against the Ba’th Party and brings his brother, Abdul Salam Arif, to power |
| 1967 |
|
WAR: |
Six-Day War, Israel occupies the Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, West Bank and Gaza Strip |
| 1967 |
|
REVOLT: |
Kurds revolt in Western Iran, the revolt is crushed |
| 1968 |
|
COUP: |
Ba’athists stage second military coup under General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Saddam Hussein is made vice president of Iraq |
| 1970 |
|
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser dies, Anwar Sadat becomes president of Egypt |
| 1971 |
|
INDEPENDENCE: |
The Aswan High Dam is completed with Soviet help in finance and construction |
| |
|
INDEPENDENCE: |
Independence of Kuwait |
| |
|
INDEPENDENCE: |
Independence of Qatar |
| |
|
INDEPENDENCE: |
Independence of Bahrain |
| |
|
INDEPENDENCE: |
Independence of UAE |
| 1973 |
|
WAR: |
Yom Kippur War |
| 1974 |
|
|
The PLO is allowed to represent the people of Palestine in the UN |
| 1974 |
1975 |
WAR: |
Second Kurdish-Iraqi War |
| 1975 |
1990 |
WAR: |
Lebanese Civil War |
| 1976 |
|
INVASIONS: |
Syria invades Lebanon |
| 1978 |
|
ACCORD: |
Camp David Accords |
| 1979 |
|
|
Saddam Hussein becomes president of Iraq |
| |
|
REVOLT: |
Iranian Revolution |
| |
|
TREATY: |
Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty |
| 1980 |
1989 |
WAR: |
Iran–Iraq War results in 1–1.25 million casualties, Iraq uses chemical weapons against Iran and rebel Kurds; large scale economical devastation and surge in oil prices affect the global world economy |
| 1981 |
|
ASSASSINATION: |
Murder of Anwar Sadat |
| 1982 |
|
INVASIONS: |
Israel invades Lebanon |
| 1987 |
1990 |
INTIFADA: |
First Intifada |
| 1991 |
|
WAR: |
The Gulf War |
| 1993 |
|
ACCORD: |
Oslo Accords |
| 1994 |
|
WAR: |
1994 civil war in Yemen |
| |
|
|
|
| 3rd millennium CE |
| FROM |
TO |
|
DETAIL |
| 2000 |
|
|
Israeli troops leave Lebanon |
| 2001 |
|
TERROR ATTACKS: |
Members of al-Qaeda attacked sites in the U.S. |
| 2003 |
|
WAR: |
The 2003 Iraq War |
| 2004 |
Present |
|
Shia insurgency in Yemen |
| 2005 |
|
|
Syrian troops leave Lebanon as a result of the Cedar Revolution |
| 2006 |
|
|
The 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict; |
| |
|
EXECUTION: |
Saddam Hussein executed for “crimes against humanity” |
| 2010 |
|
WAR: |
Arab Spring, which culminates in the Syrian Civil War with involvement of many regional powers to either support the Syrian opposition or the ruling Ba’ath party |
| 2014 |
|
|
ISIS rises in Iraq and Syria;rival groups try to overthrow Syrian president |
| |
|
|
|
